Physical Behavior of Oil in the Ocean - MMS Project No. 120 (Buoyancy Behavior, Solubility, Evaporation, Dispersion, Photo-Oxidation & Emulsification)

Evaporation of Oil Spills by Merv Fingas (MMS Project)

This link will lead you to an MMS page (Project Number 120) that has a treasure trove of information on the physical properties of oil in the ocean. You can also scroll down this page for links to the documents. I have embedded the document Evaporation of Oil Spills above as an example.

Project Number	120
Date of Summary	April 5, 2002
Subject	Physical Behavior of Oil in the Ocean
Performing Activity	Emergencies Science Division, Environment Canada
Principal Investigator	Mr. Merv F. Fingas
Contracting Agency	Minerals Management Service
Estimated Completion
Description	This is a Joint Industry Project (JIP) between MMS and Environment Canada to study oil behavior and oil properties, particularly those of heavy oils. The study includes: buoyancy behavior, solubility, evaporation, dispersion, photo-oxidation, and emulsification. Several information gaps were identified on the behavior of oils where more experimental work is needed: 1) the kinetics of oil emulsification; 2) the rate of solubilization; and 3) the rate of dispersion. Experiments will be conducted to study these processes in context with the typical environmental variables of temperature, wind speed, sea state, and oil type. This study initially focused on heavy oils similar to those in the Pacific and Canadian Outer Continental Shelf Regions, it was expanded to include other domestically produced oils and oils which are shipped in large quantities through the OCS. The physical and chemical properties of oils from a number of crude oils from deepwater Gulf of Mexico have been analyzed and have been entered in the Crude Oils and Oil Products. This new version of the oil properties catalog contains information on more than 450 different types of oils was put on the Internet. The Internet site is very successful with as many as 1,000 hits per week. Work continues on the BOSS (Behavior of Spilled OilS) project. The final version of oil-in-ice behavior is complete and has been distributed. Work is almost complete on the emulsification and solubility chapters. The Basics of Oil Spills book is complete and been printed. The book is available for purchase via the Internet. The Oil Catalog can be found at Environment Canada’s Internet website at http://www.ec.gc.ca/envhome.html.
Progress
Reports
AA (6 pages)	Fingas, M., Heavy Oil Behavior in the Ocean, Proceedings of Technology Assessment and Research Program for Offshore Minerals Operations Workshop, Minerals Management Service, Herndon, Virginia, pp., 144-147, 1988.
AB (86 pages)	Juszko, B.A., Determination of Oceanographic Factors Associated with the Subsurface Movement of Oil, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-66, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 74 pp., July 1985.
AC (62 pages)	Wilson, D., Poon, Y. C., Mackay, D., An Exploratory Study of the Buoyancy Behavior of Weathered Oils in Water, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-85, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 50 pp., June 1986.
AD (90 pages)	Clark, B., Parsons, J., Yen, C., Ahier, B., Alexander, J., Mackay, D., A Study of Factors Influencing Oil Submergence, Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-90, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 77 pp., May 1987.
AE (78 pages)	Wilson, D. G., Mackay, D., The Behavior of Oil in Freezing Situations, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE- 92, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 65 pp., December 1987.
AF (54 pages)	Mackay, D., Formation and Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-93, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 44 pp., December 1987.
AG (142 pages)	Buist, I., Joyce, S., Dickins, D. F., Oil Spills in Leads: Tank Tests and Modeling, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-95, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 59 pp., December 1987.
AH (88 pages)	Ross, S. L., The Transient Submergence of Oil Spills: Tank Tests and Modeling, Draft Copy, S. L. Ross Environmental Research Limited, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, March 1987. also published as Ross, S. L., The Transient Submergence of Oil Spills: Tank Tests and Modeling, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE- 96, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 56 pp., December 1987.
AI (88 pages)	Godon, A. M., Milgram, J. H., Report on the In-Tank Mixing Study, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-100, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 83 pp., February 1988.
AJ (56 pages)	Chau, A., Mackay, D., A Study of Oil Dispersion: The Role of Mixing and Weathering, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-104, Environ. Can., Ottawa, Ontario 46 pp., June 1988.
AK (130 pages)	Owens, E. H., Humphrey, B., Long Term Fate and Persistence of Stranded Oil from the BIOS Project, N.T.W., Canada and from the Metula Spill, Tierra Del Fuego, Chile, 1987 Results, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-107, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 109 pp., December 1988.
AL (90 pages)	Ross, S. L., Dickins, D. F., Modeling of Oil Spills in Snow, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-109, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 48 pp., December 1988.
AM (71 pages)	Lee, S. C., Mackay, D., Bonville, F., Joner, E., Shiu, W. Y., A Study of the Long-Term Weathering of Submerged and Overwashed Oil, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-119, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario 61 pp., December 1989.
AN (27 pages)	Lee, S. C., Mackay, D., Bonville, F., Joner, E., Shiu, W. Y., The Long-Term Weathering of Submerged and Overwashed Oil, Proceedings of the Twelfth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 33-60, 1989.
AO (26 pages)	Lee, S. C., Shiu, W. Y., Mackay, D. The Long-Term Weathering of Heavy Crude Oils: Experimental Measurements and Development of Models, Proceedings of the Thirteenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, June 6-8, 1990, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1990.
AP (19 pages)	Bobra, M., Tennyson, E. J., Photooxidation of Petroleum, Proceedings of the Twelfth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 129- 147, 1989.
AQ (31 pages)	Bobra, M., A Study of the Formation of Water-in-Oil Emulsions, Proceedings of the Thirteenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, June 6-8, 1990, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
AR (554 pages)	Bobra, M., Callaghan, S., A Catalog of Crude Oil and Oil Product Properties (1990 version), Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-125, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 542 pp., September 1990.
AS (24 pages)	Bobra, M., Water-in-Oil Emulsification: A Physicochemical Study, Proceedings of the 1991 International Oil Spill Conference, Consultchem, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1991.
AT (342 pages)	Dickins, D. F., Behavior of Spilled Oil at Sea (BOSS): Oil-in-Ice Fate and Behavior, DF Dickins Associates and Fleet Technology Ltd. for Environment Canada, March 1992.
AU (58 pages)	Humphrey, B., Owens, E. H., Sergy, G., The Fate and Persistence of Stranded Crude Oil: A Nine-Year Overview from the BIOS Project, Baffin Island, N.T.W., Canada, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EPS/3/SP/4, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, March 1992.
AV (12 pages)	Bobra, M., Fingas, M., Tennyson, E., When Oil Spills Emulsify, reprint from CHEMTECH No. 22, pp. 236-241, 1992.
AW (144 pages)	Lee, S. C., Shiu, W. Y., Mackay, D. A Study of the Long Term Fate and Weathering of Heavy Oils, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-128, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, April 1992.
AX (42 pages)	Bobra, M., Solubility Behavior of Petroleum Oils in Water, Consultchem, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE- 130, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, May 1992.
AY (88 pages)	Bobra, M., Photolysis of Petroleum, Consultchem, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-131, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, May 1992.
AZ (74 pages)	Bobra, M., A Study of Water-in-Oil Emulsification, Consultchem, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-132, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, May 1992.
BA (150 pages)	Bobra, M., A Study of the Evaporation of Petroleum Oils, Consultchem, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-135, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, May 1992.
BB (66 pages)	Fowler, B., Hamilton, M. C., Chiddell, G., Sojo, L., Method Development for the Analysis of Tainting Compounds, Seakem Oceanography Ltd., Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-136, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, May 1992.
BC (546 pages)	Whiticar, S., Bobra, M., Callaghan, S., Luizzo, P., Fingas, M., Jokuty, P., Ackerman, F., Cao, J., A Catalog of Crude Oil and Oil Product Properties (1992 version) Draft, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 791 pp., 1992.
BD (86 pages)	Cao, J. R., Microwave Digestion of Crude Oils and Oil Properties for the Determination of Trace Metals and Sulphur by Inductively- Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission-Spectroscopy, Cao Research, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-140, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, October 1992.
BE (46 pages)	Mackay, D., Charles, M. E., Lee, S. C., Lun, R., Ooigen, H., Romocki, K., Harner, T., Ralfs, M., Studies of the Dissolution and Long Term Weathering of Spilled Crude Oils, Environmental Emergency Manuscript Report Number EE-145, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, April, 1993.
BF (8 pages)	Fingas, M., Fieldhouse, B., Bobra, M., Tennyson, E., The Physics and Chemistry of Emulsions, Proceedings of the Workshop on Emulsions, Marine Spill Response Corporation, Washington, D.C., 7 pp. 1993.
BG (8 pages)	Fingas, M., Evaporation of Oil Spills, submitted to the Journal of ASCE, in press, 1994.
BH (48 pages)	Wang, Z., Fingas, M., Quantitative Oil Analysis Method, Proceedings of the Seventeenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 8-10, 1994
BI (30 pages)	Fingas, M., Fieldhouse, B., Mullin, J., Studies of Water-In-Oil Emulsions and Techniques to Measure Emulsion Treating Agents, Proceedings of the Seventeenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 8-10, 1994.
BJ (21 pages)	Wang, Z., Fingas, M., Study of the Effects of Weathering on the Chemical Composition of a Light Crude Oil, Proceedings of the Seventeenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 8-10, 1994.
BK (9 pages)	Jokuty, P., Fingas, M., Oil Analytical Techniques for Environmental Purposes, Proceedings of the Seventeenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 8-10, 1994.
BL (10 pages)	Fingas, M., Wang, Z., Jokuty, P., Lambert, P., Fieldhouse B., Sergy, G., Mullin, J., Oil Behavior, Fate and Modeling Projects, Second International Oil Spill Research and Development Forum, pp. 399-407, London, May 23-26, 1995.
BM (534 pages)	Hollebone, B.P., Permann, Delmar N.S., Oil-in-Ice Fate and Behaviour a Subsection of the Behaviour of Oil Spills (BOSS) Project (DRAFT), Environment Canada, Emergencies Science Division, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, November 1996.
BN (16 pages)	Fingas, Merv, Fieldhouse, Ben, Mullin, Joe, `Studies of Water-in- Oil Emulsions: The Role of Asphaltenes and Resins`, Proceedings of the Nineteenth Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 73-88, 1996.
BO (24 pages)	Wang, Z., Fingas M., Landriault M., Sigouin L., Feng Y., `Using Systematic and Comparative GC/MS and GC/FID Data to Identify the Source on Contaminated Birds`, Proceedings of the Nineteenth Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 199-222, 1996.
BP (20 pages)	Jokuty, P., Whiticar, S., McRoberts, K., Mullin, J., `Oil Adhesion Testing: Recent Results`, Proceedings of the Nineteenth Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 9/27, 1996.
BQ (22 pages)	Wang, Zhendi, Fingas, Merv, `Separation and Characterization of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Surfactant in Orlmulsion Dispersion Samples`, Proceedings of the Nineteenth Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 115-135, 1996.
BR (4 pages)	Fingas, Merv and Fieldhouse, Ben, `Water in Oil Emulsions: How They are Formed and Broken, Proceedings of the 1995 International Oil Spill Conference, pp.829-830, Long Beach, California, February 27-March 2, 1995.
BS (16 pages)	Fingas, M.F., Kyle, D.A., Wang, Z., Huang E., and Mullin, J., `Characterization of Oil in the Water Column and on the Surface After Chemical Dispersion`, Proceedings of the Nineteenth Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 481-496, 1996.
BT (6 pages)	Fingas, M., Jokuty, P., Fieldhouse B., Oil Spill Behaviour and Modeling, Eco-Informa '96, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, November 4- 7, 1996.
BU (24 pages)	Wang, Zhendi, Fingas, Merv, Study of the Effects of Weathering on the Chemical Composition of a Light Crude Oil Using GC/MS GC/FID, 17th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography and Electrophoresis, Wintergreen, Virginia, May 1995.
BV (44 pages)	Fingas, Merv, `The Evaporation of Oil Spills: Variation with Temperature and Correlation with Distillation Data`, Proceedings of the Nineteenth Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 27-72, 1996.
BW (18 pages)	Fingas, Merv, `The Evaporation of Oil Spills`, Proceedings of the Eighteenth Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 43-60, 1995.
BX (18 pages)	Wang, Z., Fingas M., Landriault M., Sigouin L., Feng Y., `Using Systematic and Comparative Analytical Data to Identify the Source of an Unknown Oil on Contaminated Birds`, Journal of Chromatography A, 775, (1997), 251-265.
BY (526 pages)	Hollebone, B.P., The Fate and Behaviour of Oil in Freezing Environments, DRAFT, Emergencies Science Division, Environmental Technology Center, Environmental Protection Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
BZ (22 pages)	Fingas, Merv, Fieldhouse, Ben, and Mullin, Joseph, Studies of Water-in-Oil Emulsion: Stability Studies, Proceedings of the Twentieth Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp 1-20, 1997.
CA (10 pages)	Jokuty, P., Whiticar, S., Wang, Z., Landriault, M., Sigouin L., Mullin, J., A New Method for the Determination of Wax Content of Crude Oils, Proceedings of the Twentieth Arctic Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, pp 63-72,1997.
CB (2 pages)	Fingas, Merv, Fieldhouse, Ben, and Mullin, Joseph, Studies of Water-in-Oil Emulsion: Stability Studies, Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 189-190, 1996.
CC (4 pages)	Jokuty, P., Whiticar, S., Wang, Z., Landriault, M., Sigouin L., Mullin, J., A New Method for the Determination of Wax Content of Crude Oils, Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 195-198, 1996.
CE (24 pages)	Fingas, M. Fieldhouse Studies of Water in Oil Emulsions: Energy Threshold of Emulsion Formation In Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technology Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp 57-68, 1998.
CF (22 pages)	Fingas, M. Fieldhouse Studies of Water in Oil Emulsions: Energy Threshold of Emulsion Formation In Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technology Seminar, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp 1-25, 1998.
CG (12 pages)	Fingas, M. Fieldhouse Water in Oil Emulsions: Results of Formation Studies and Application to Oil Spill Modelling Vol. 5 No 1 pp 81-91,1999.
CH (9 pages)	Fingas, Merv; Fieldhouse, Ben; Lane, James; Mullin, Joseph. Studies of Water-in-Oil Emulsions: Lohng-Term Stability, Oil Properties, and Emulsions Formed at Sea.
CI (10 pages)	Fingas, Merv; Fieldhouse, Ben; Lane, James; Mullin, Joseph. Studies of Water-in-Oil Emulsions: Energy and Work Threshold for Emulsion Formation.